Play And Socialization
• 0 to 4 months: Stares at environment, smiles indiscriminately or responsively, enjoys having others around, recognizes familiar faces, determines that face is unfamiliar and freezes gaze, establishes cycle for sleep and awake periods; 0 to 1 month, prefers to look at faces, at black and white geometric designs, able to follow objects in line of vision; 2 to 4 months, follows objects 180°, turns head to look for voices and sounds.
• 4 to 8 months: Self-centered, begins to be fearful of strangers; 4 to 6 months, watches the course of a falling object, responds readily to sounds, smiles at self in mirror, fascinated by own fingers and toes; 6 to 8 months, recognizes own name and responds by smiling when it is heard, seeks attention, imitates faces and sounds in play.
• 8 to 12 months: Plays simple peek-a-boo, prefers mother, cries when upset, becomes anxious if separated, recognizes family members' requests if one at a time, displays various emotions.
• 12 to 24 months: Plays pat-a-cake, is curious and gets into everything, has short attention span, enjoys solitary play or watching others play, has a favorite toy or object.
• 2 years: Unable to distinguish right from wrong, imitates parents and others, enjoys parallel play, wants things own way, refuses to share, is possessive, sees self as a separate person, rituals important, benefits from transitional objects such as teddy bear.
• 3 and 4 years: Able to share with peers and adults, interested in new activities and learning from them, may have an imaginary playmate, participates in imaginative play and imitation of adults.
• 5 and 6 years: Likes achieving, wants to accept responsibilities, has strong feeling for family and home, identifies with parent of same sex, participates in fair play and cooperation, shows off.
• 7, 8, and 9 years: Independently plays, able to reason and has a concept of right or wrong, likes rewards and praise, peer group gains in importance, short-lived interests, completes tasks.
• 10, 11, and 12 years: Feels positive about self; is more tolerant; interested in rules and money; relates well with peers, friends, relatives; likes conversation, change, and variety in activities; avoids doing tasks; develops conscience. Enjoys sports, games.
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